混交造林模式与用苗量计算

混交图式是造林学中的一个基本概念,生产中经常要用到它。它虽然有看图易懂的特点,但存在着三个缺陷:(1)画图难度较大,增加了造林作业设计工作量;(2)在造林类型表中无法表示,因此需要附加图式;(3)用苗量难以计算。为了克服混交图式上述缺陷,我们探讨试用混交造林模式表达混交图式。混交造林模式虽然克服了混交图式的缺陷,但不能代替造林典型设计图,尤其在某些特殊立地条件下,如在流动风沙地的不同类型沙丘上造林,农田防护林的营造和庭园绿化     

三江平原蒙古栎次生林效应带生态功能模拟

以三江平原试验区为背景,采用植物生态场技术开展次生林效应带生态功能模拟,研究结果表明:蒙古栎林6m效应带产生斑块效应,8m效应带出现边缘效应;4m,6m和8m带的光能利用与风流动模式与效应带的分布方位关系密切,根据光能利用效率总结出蒙古栎林效应带依照8 m带→6m带→4m带逐步演化。     

连续平压热压机的进展

论述了发展连续平压热压机的背景、必要性以及国外同类技术的详细情况,同时介绍了我国目前研究连续平压热压机的现状和迫切性。     

柔性垫网接触式间歇干燥单板的生产性试验

利用柔性垫网接触式间歇干燥单板的方法对杨木单板进行干燥的生产性试验.通过生产性试验验证了此方法较佳生产工艺条件的变化规律,试验结果表明:(1)采用双面配置柔性垫网是合理的,排汽作用显著,干燥后单板含水率均匀,效果良好.(2)接触式间歇干燥单板,当单板芯部达到汽化温度(100℃)时,热板开启排汽时间越早,越利于单板表面自由水的快速排除,有助于提高单板干燥速度和质量.(3)接触式间歇干燥单板,其质量优于接触式连续干燥单板,更优于采用空气对流式干燥单板的方法.生产性试验证明,此方法为解决单板干燥变形(尤其是速生树种材单板变形)提供了可靠的技术保证,其生产工艺是可行的.     

Power spectrum density and experimental modal analysis of wide belt sander applied in domestic wood industry

This paper took the upper-lower wide belt sander B229 with four-feet wide belts, manufactured in China, as the study target. By means of framework dynamic design, we study its vibration characteristics by commencing from the place having horizontal defects and used experimental modal analysis (EMA) and power spectrum density (PSD) to observe the sanding parts and the whole machine, respectively. In the modal test, we mainly adopted the cross spots testing method to get the frequency response function of the fixed spots to every excitation vibration spot, then applied the SISO frequency response function and the frequency response function fitting method to identify and complete parameter recognition, respectively. The typical frequency response function chart of the whole machine and its sanding parts, as well as its second-order mode charts of contacting roller, were obtained. Through PSD analysis, we can get the amplitude-frequency spectrum and drive frequency. Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 132–137 [译自: 林业科学]     

上海新建绿地的土壤质量现状和对策

对上海新建的18块绿地319个土壤样品的调查分析显示，上海新建城市绿地土壤质量存在以下一些共性：pH呈碱性或强碱性；电导率（EC值）和有机质含量偏低；土壤密度偏高，42．45％的土壤大于1．35Mg·m^-3；土壤通气性差，83．2％的土壤通气孔隙度〈5％；土壤阳离子含量适中，其中水解性氮和有效磷含量低，但速效钾含量适中；土壤质地基本为壤质土。土壤质量是限制上海新建城市绿地植物生长和生态景观效果发挥的主要限制因子之一，针对上海城市土壤存在问题，建议从城市土壤标准建立、采样方法、测试方法、植物营养平衡、土壤安全性、土壤改良与废弃物利用、管理对策等几个方面提高城市绿地的土壤质量。     

Forest resources variation along with the main rivers in typical forest region of Changbai Mountain

The restoration of the riparian vegetation disturbed by human activities is one of the hotspots of watershed ecology. Through interpreting the images of Remote Sensing in 1985 and 1999, the basic information of forest resources of Lushuhe Forest Bureau, which is a typical forest area of Chanbai Mountain was obtained with support of GIS. By dividing Land covers of Lushuihe area into 10 types (water body, residential land, stump land, farming land, wetland, mature conifer forest, midlife conifer forest, mature broadleaf forest, midlife broadleaf forest, and man-made young forest) and dividing the riparian zone into four buffers (in turn 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 m away from the river), the changes of riparian forest resources during 1985–1999 were analyzed. The results showed that the deforestation intension has obviously decreased and the whole environment has been evidently improved, but the riparian ecosystem was still flimsy. In buffer 1, 2, 3 the area of midlife conifer forest increased largely, but the areas of other types of land covers all decreased. Midlife conifer forest had a comparatively good status in the three buffers. In buffer 4, midlife conifer forest, mature conifer forest, and mature broadleaf forest formed a forest-age rank that is helpful to stabilize the forest ecosystem and exert its functions. Area percentage of wetland decreased in buffer 1, buffer 2, and buffer 3, even in buffer 4 in which forest ecosystem rehabilitated comparatively well, so protecting and rehabilitating wetland is a very difficult task. Foundation item: This study is supported by major projects of Knowiedge Innovation Program. Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-SW-320-3) and Institute of Applied Ecology (a grant SCXZD010-01), CAS. Biography: HAO Zhan-qing (1962-), Male, Ph. Doctor, Professor in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 1100016, P.R. China Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

四川盆地浅丘陵区农林复合系统内部天空散射辐射分布特性理论分析

根据四川盆地浅丘区农林复合系统特点,从理论上分析了该系统内天空散射辐射令布特征。提出了在林带和地形(坡度变化)的双重影响下的林带间平均相对辐照成分布特征,为农林复合系统的设计提供了依据;除林带本身产生“光胁地”外,地形变化即坡度的增加,叶“光胁地”效应有增强作用,对其范围有扩大作用。     

Ecophysiological and genetic variation in seedling traits and in first-year field performance of eight <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia senegal</Emphasis> provenances in the Blue Nile,Sudan

The genetic variation in seed weight, seed number per kg and seedling traits was compared among eight Acacia senegal provenances originating from the clay plain (east) and sand plains (west) of the gum belt in Sudan. The main objective of this study was to identify germplasm sources of A. senegal that have a good seed germination capacity and seedling traits suitable for reforestation in the clay-soil part of the dryland gum belt in the Blue Nile region in Sudan. A specific objective was to tentatively explore the adaptive strategy of A. senegal populations. Seventeen-week-old seedlings were planted in the field at spacing of 3 m × 3 m, giving 100 trees per plot and replication; within a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experimental site was in the clay plain region. Seed variables showed significant differences. Clay plain provenances showed considerable variation in seed weight and seed number. They had the smallest seed weight but the highest seed number, while the sand (western) provenances had the largest seed weight but lowest seed number. Seedling branch number, root length, root to shoot ratio and shoot dry weight differed significantly among the provenances 12 weeks after germination. Clay provenances had the highest branch number and shoot dry weight but the shortest roots and lowest root to shoot ratio. This was interpreted as showing better adaptation to the site in these local provenances in comparison to those originating from the western sandy soil regions. High positive correlations were observed between seedling variables, such as root nodule and branch numbers; this could be used for early selection. The variation was greater between provenance groups than within them, suggesting that especially selection among groups would yield genetic gain.     

Photosynthetic physio-response of Taxodium ascendens seedlings to different soil water gradients

Four different kinds of water treatments were applied to study the photosynthetic eco-physiological characteristics of Taxodium ascendens seedlings in the environment of the Three Gorges hydro-fluctuation belt. The four kinds of water treatments were: normal growth water condition (CK), light drought stress (T1), soil water saturation (T2), and soil submersion (T3). The results showed that different water treatments could effectively influence the content of the photosynthetic pigment, leaf gas exchange and apparent resources use efficiency of T. ascendens seedlings. It was also demonstrated that the T. ascendens seedlings could not only tolerate water submersion and wet conditions but also endure a certain degree of drought. To establish a protection forest system in the hydro-fluctuation belt in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the species T. ascendens is suitable for planting in conditions of root submersion or water-saturated soil. In case it is planted in drought conditions, this tree species should be watered appropriately in order to keep its normal net photosynthetic rate. Translated from Forest Research, 2006, 19(1): 54–60 [译自: 林业科学研究]